School of Kinesiology and Health Studies Faculty Publications
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Publications, conference presentations and other materials authored by faculty members in the school.
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Item Preserved Exercising Muscle Oxygen Delivery: Demand Matching After High Altitude Acclimatization: Because of or In Spite of Elevated Sympathetic Activation?(Wiley, 2022-11-08) Tschakovsky, Michael; Drouin, Patrick; Forbes, StaceyWe read with interest the work by Hansen and colleagues (2022) investigating mechanisms responsible for reduced exercising muscle vasodilatation and blood flow after high altitude acclimatization (HA). In this letter we raise a number of points for the author’s and reader’s consideration, arguing against the conclusion that this study has “found” the purpose of chronic hypoxic induced elevations in sympathetic activity. We offer an alternate explanation consistent with the data, and more consistent with the nature of elevated sympathetic activation in chronic hypoxia. In summary, a different experimental approach is required to tease out whether hypoxia-induced chronic elevation in systemic sympathetic activity is responding to or causing elevated vasodilator activation in exercising muscle. Therefore, whether preserved ΔO2del:Δ ̇O2 in HA is because of or in spite of chronic hypoxia-induced elevations in sympathetic activity remains to be determined.Item Muscle Contraction Force Conforms to Muscle Oxygenation during Constant Activation Voluntary Forearm Exercise(Wiley, 2022-08-16) Drouin, Patrick; Forbes, Stacey; Liu, Taylor; Lew, Lindsay; McGarity-Shipley, Ellen; Tschakovsky, MichaelIn electrically stimulated skeletal muscle, force production is downregulated when oxygen delivery is compromised and rapidly restored upon oxygen delivery restoration in the absence of cellular disturbance. Whether this “oxygen conforming” response of force occurs and is exercise intensity dependent during stable voluntary muscle activation in humans is unknown. In 12-participants (6-female), handgrip force, forearm muscle activation (electromyography; EMG), muscle oxygenation, and forearm blood flow (FBF) were measured during rhythmic handgrip exercise at forearm EMG achieving 50, 75 or 90% critical impulse (CI). 4-min of brachial artery compression to reduce FBF by ∼60% (Hypoperfusion) or sham compression (adjacent to artery; Control) was performed during exercise. Sham compression had no effect. Hypoperfusion rapidly reduced muscle oxygenation at all exercise intensities, resulting in contraction force per muscle activation (force/EMG) progressively declining over 4 min by ∼16% in 75 and 90% CI. No force/EMG decline occurred in 50% CI. Rapid restoration of muscle oxygenation post-compression was closely followed by force/EMG such that it was not different from Control within 30-sec for 90% CI and after 90-sec for 75% CI. Our findings reveal an oxygen conforming response does occur in voluntary exercising muscle in humans. Within the exercise modality and magnitude of fluctuation of oxygenation in this study, the oxygen conforming response appears to be exercise intensity dependent. Mechanisms responsible for this oxygen conforming response have implications for exercise tolerance and warrant investigation.Item Taking Steps to Inclusion: A Content Analysis of a Resource Aimed to Support Teachers in Delivering Inclusive Physical Education(Taylor and Francis, 2019-09-11) Tristani, Lauren; Tomasone, Jennifer; Gainforth, Heather; Basset-Gunter, RebeccaQuality inclusive physical activity (PA) programmes have demonstrated vast benefits for individuals with (e.g.) and without disabilities. For example, among people with disabilities, PA participation is related to enhanced social inclusion, reduced risk for secondary health conditions, optimised physical functioning, and improved overall well-being. Although the benefits of PA are well documented, children and youth with disabilities are less likely to participate in PA compared to those without disabilities.Item Oncology care provider perspectives on exercise promotion in people with cancer: an examination of knowledge, practices, barriers, and facilitators(Springer, 2017-03-03) Nadler, Michelle; Bainbridge, Daryl; Tomasone, Jennifer; Cheifetz, Oren; Juergens, Rosalyn A.; Sussman, JonathanBackground: Despite the reported benefits of physical activity in alleviating the impact of cancer and its treatments, oncology care providers (OCPs) are not routinely discussing exercise with their patients, suggesting a Knowledge to Action gap. We sought to determine OCP’s knowledge, beliefs, barriers, and facilitators to exercise discussion. Methods: A survey was administered to OCPs at the cancer center in Hamilton, Ontario. Questions comprised of demographics, knowledge and beliefs regarding exercise guidelines, and barriers and facilitators to exercise discussion. Analysis of survey responses was descriptive. Pearson's chi-squared tests was used to examine select associations. Results: There were 120 respondents (61% response rate) representing a diversity of professions. Approximately 80% of OCPs were not aware of any exercise guidelines in cancer and self-reported poor knowledge on when, how, and which patients to refer to exercise programs. OCPs who reported meeting Canada’s Physical Activity guidelines were significantly more likely to identify correct guidelines (p=0.023) and to report good knowledge on how to provide exercise counseling (p=0.014). Across OCP groups, barriers to exercise discussion included poor knowledge, lack of time, and safety concerns. Most felt that educational sessions and having an exercise specialist on the clinical team would be beneficial. Conclusions: OCPs have low knowledge regarding exercise counseling, but believe that discussing exercise is a multi-disciplinary task and expressed a desire for further training. Interventions will require a multi-pronged approach including education for OCPs and guidance on assessment for exercise safety.Item Moving Cancer Care Ontario’s Exercise for People with Cancer guidelines into oncology practice: using the Theoretical Domains Framework to validate a questionnaire(Springer, 2019-06-27) Nadler, Michelle B.; Bainbridge, Daryl; Fong, Angela; Sussman, Jonathan; Tomasone, Jennifer; Neil-Sztramko, SarahEvidence supporting the benefits of exercise surrounding cancer treatment has led to internationally published guidelines, with minimal uptake by oncology care providers (OCPs). There is a need to understand how to implement research evidence into practice. Our team developed a questionnaire to assess OCPs’ knowledge of exercise guidelines and barriers / facilitators to exercise counseling and program referral. We validated the questionnaire using the Theoretical Domains Framework, a knowledge translation (KT) framework used to implement evidence-based guidelines into practice. In this commentary, we describe this process and the rationale for integrating a KT framework into intervention development and implementation in oncology practice. The revised questionnaire, entitled Clinicians Perspectives on Exercise in Patients with Cancer (CliPEC), is shared to facilitate the implementation process and allow for comparison across oncology practices.