The adaptive response of humans to exercise: Impact of exercise intensity, fibre-type specific responses and molecular patterns of response
Abstract
In an attempt to improve the current understanding of the adaptive response to exercise in humans,
this dissertation performed a series of studies designed to examine the impact of training intensity and
mode on aerobic capacity and performance, fibre-type specific adaptations to training, and individual
patterns of response across molecular, morphological and genetic factors. Project #1 determined that training intensity, session dose, baseline VO2max and total training volume do not influence the magnitude of change in VO2max by performing a meta-regression, and meta-analysis of 28 different studies. The intensity of training had no effect on the magnitude of increase in maximal oxygen uptake in young healthy participants, but similar adaptations were achieved with lower training doses following high intensity training. Project # 2 determined the acute molecular response, and training-induced adaptations in aerobic performance, aerobic capacity and muscle phenotype following high-intensity interval training (HIT) or endurance exercise (END). The acute molecular response (fibre recruitment and signal activation) and training-induced adaptations in aerobic capacity, aerobic performance, and muscle phenotype were
similar following HIT and END. Project # 3 examined the impact of baseline muscle morphology and molecular characteristics on the training response, and if muscle adaptations are coordinated. The muscle phenotype of individuals who experience the largest improvements (high responders) were lower before training for some muscle characteristics and molecular adaptations were coordinated within individual participants. Project # 4 examined the impact of 2 different intensities of HIT on the expression of nuclear and mitochondrial encoded genes targeted by PGC-1α. A systematic upregulation of nuclear and mitochondrial encoded genes was not present in the early recovery period following acute HIT, but the expression of mitochondrial genes were coordinated at an individual level. Collectively, results from the current dissertation contribute to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms influencing skeletal muscle and whole-body adaptive responses to acute exercise and training in humans.
URI for this record
http://hdl.handle.net/1974/14613Collections
Request an alternative format
If you require this document in an alternate, accessible format, please contact the Queen's Adaptive Technology CentreRelated items
Showing items related by title, author, creator and subject.
-
Alterations in the metabolic enzyme profile of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in response to exhaustive exercise training
Jibb, Emily (2010-04-30)To investigate the effects of exhaustive exercise training on the metabolic enzyme profile of Oncorhynchus mykiss, we performed exhaustive chasing training daily for 7 days. We assessed the effects of training at rest and ... -
Effect of aerobic exercise training on hypoxia response and recovery in goldfish (Carassius auratus) through aldehyde dehydrogenase.
Chiu, Anthony Michael (2012-04-24) -
The effects of starvation and training on the metabolic profile of Rainbow Trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) in response to exhaustive exercise
MacIntyre, Scott (2009-04-27)The ability to perform bouts of burst exhaustive exercise is imperative to the survival of rainbow trout, such as during predator-prey interactions. Carbohydrate metabolism is largely responsible for supplying the necessary ...