Fabrication of planar heterojunction CsPbBr2I perovskite solar cells using ZnO as an electron transport layer and improved solar energy conversion efficiency

Abstract

Inorganic lead halide perovskite solar cells with mixed halides have achieved reasonable power conversion efficiency with the advantage of an enhanced stability. In this work, we report the fabrication of an all inorganic cesium lead bromoiodide based planar perovskite solar cell with ZnO electron transport layer. The method described herein, includes the use of one step spin coating solution processing using a solvent mixture (DMF + DMSO) to avoid solubility issues of the CsPbBr2I perovskite in DMF. The substrate temperature during spin coating was found a critical parameter to generate the required crystalline morphology of the perovskite thin films. Post-annealing of the as-deposited perovskite film at 275 °C led to the formation of the cubic phase of CsPbBr2I with optical band gap of 2.06 eV. Interestingly, the cubic shaped CsPbBr2I morphology was obtained via single-step spin-coating processing that otherwise required a two-step solution deposition of the hybrid perovskite. The best performing devices reached 4.8% power conversion efficiency with minimal hysteresis and enhanced thermal and photo-stability. Owing to enhanced thermal and photo-stability, inorganic perovskites appear as a viable alternative to the hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites for solar cell applications.