ISSP Position Stand: To Sample or to Specialize? Seven Postulates About Youth Sport Activities that Lead to Continued Participation and Elite Performance
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Authors
Côté, Jean
Lidor, Ronnie
Hackfort, Dieter
Date
2016-06-02
Type
journal article
Language
en
Keyword
Early Development in Sport , Youth Sport Programs , Early Sampling , Early Specialization , Sport Expertise
Alternative Title
Abstract
A comprehensive approach to sport expertise should consider the entire situation
that is comprised of the person, the task, the environment, and the complex interplay
of these components (Hackfort, 1986). Accordingly, the Developmental Model
of Sport Participation (Côté, Baker, & Abernethy, 2007; Côté & Fraser-Thomas,
2007) provides a comprehensive framework for sport expertise that outlines different
pathways of involvement in sport. In pathways one and two, early sampling
serves as the foundation for both elite and recreational sport participation. Early
sampling is based on two main elements of childhood sport participation: 1) involvement
in various sports and 2) participation in deliberate play. In contrast,
pathway three shows the course to elite performance through early specialization
in one sport. Early specialization implies a focused involvement on one sport and a
large number of deliberate practice activities with the goal of improving sport skills
and performance during childhood. This paper proposes seven postulates regarding
the role that sampling and deliberate play, as opposed to specialization and
deliberate practice, can have during childhood in promoting continued participation
and elite performance in sport.
Description
Citation
Publisher
License
Journal
Volume
Issue
URI for this record
PubMed ID
External DOI
ISSN
1557-251X
1612-197X
1612-197X