The Influence of Biological Sex on Skeletal Muscle Phospholipid Membrane Composition in Response to Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation and Washout in Humans
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Authors
Smart, Sydney
Date
2025-03-18
Type
thesis
Language
eng
Keyword
Omega-3 Fatty Acids , Biological Sex , Skeletal Muscle Phospholipid Membranes , EPA , DHA
Alternative Title
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acid intake is associated with reduced inflammation, protection against cardiovascular disease, and improved cognitive function. There is also evidence that omega-3 fatty acid intake impacts skeletal muscle, potentially with greater effects in females than males. Sex-specific responses to omega-3 fatty acid intake may be linked to the incorporation of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) into skeletal muscle phospholipid membranes. However, no study has characterized the effect of biological sex on human skeletal muscle phospholipid composition in response to EPA+DHA supplementation, and washout of EPA and DHA from skeletal muscle phospholipids following the cessation of supplementation. In a repeated measures design, 15 females and 14 males consumed 5 g/d of EPA+DHA (3.2 g EPA; 1.8 g DHA) for 8 weeks followed by 14 weeks of washout. Skeletal muscle biopsies and venous blood samples were obtained at weeks 0 (baseline), 6, 8, 16, 20, and 22. Females displayed higher skeletal muscle EPA phospholipid composition (p = 0.048), greater erythrocyte EPA phospholipid composition (p = 0.034), and plasma DHA composition (p = 0.035) compared to males. At 14 weeks of washout, skeletal muscle and erythrocyte EPA phospholipid composition (p < 0.001 and p = 0.005) remained elevated above baseline, whereas plasma EPA composition (p = 0.381) was not different from baseline. We demonstrate that 5 g/d EPA+DHA supplementation influences human fatty acid composition in a manner that is both sex and tissue-dependant.
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ProQuest PhD and Master's Theses International Dissemination Agreement
Intellectual Property Guidelines at Queen's University
Copying and Preserving Your Thesis
This publication is made available by the authority of the copyright owner solely for the purpose of private study and research and may not be copied or reproduced except as permitted by the copyright laws without written authority from the copyright owner.
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International