Xingyiquan in Twentieth Century China: Martial Arts Myths, Practice, and Nation Building

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Bateman, Francis

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thesis

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eng

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Martial arts , Chinese history , Xingyiquan , Nationalism

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In the early 20th century, the Chinese martial art Xingyiquan was promoted by the Nationalist government in an attempt to instill nationalist and militarist values in its citizens. This paper explores how Xingyiquan came to be leveraged in this way, why it was employed over other martial arts, and how Xingyiquan training changed as the practice moved from a folk practice to a national institution. Xingyiquan has not been subject to sustained study by English language academics. Thus, this paper relies on Xingyiquan training manuals from the early 20th century as well as interviews with a Xingyiquan lineage holder who provided more context as to the methods within Xingyi practice. While the changing political landscape determined how Xingyiquan was applied and understood, the function of Xingyiquan was always translated through its techniques and enabled by its history and myth. The straightforward techniques of Xingyiquan enabled it to be better leveraged by the Nationalist government than more complex styles like Taichi, which were more difficult to disseminate through the population. This suggests that there is interplay between the formal elements of martial arts practice and its application as a cultural or political force.

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