The Gender/Sex 3×3: Measuring and Categorizing Gender/Sex Beyond Binaries

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Authors

Beischel, Will
Schudson, Zach C.
Hoskin, Rhea A.
van Anders, Sari

Date

2022-02-24

Type

journal article

Language

en

Keyword

Gender , Gender diversity , Measurement , Sex , Surveys

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Abstract

Critiques of gender/sex measurement tend to focus on the questions researchers ask, including their binaristic, static nature, or overfocus on/erasure of transgender/cisgender status. The questions matter, as does the way gender/sex responses may be categorized, which has received less focus. In this article, we report on the “Gender/Sex 3x3”, which we developed via two studies to produce a novel framework for conceptualizing, measuring, and categorizing gender/sex. It represents two intersecting dimensions: “gender trajectory” (cisgender/transgender/allogender [i.e., neither cisgender nor transgender]) and “binary relation” (binary/nonbinary/allobinary [i.e., neither binary nor nonbinary]). In Study 1, we created gender/sex questions structured by the Gender/Sex 3x3 and asked 737 gender/sex-diverse participants to directly evaluate them. Descriptive quantitative feedback indicated the comprehensibility and inclusivity of the questions; qualitative feedback suggested wording changes. In Study 2, we tested these revised questions with 317 gender/sex-diverse participants and again found high levels of comprehensibility and inclusivity. We conclude by providing recommendations for questions about gender/sex that are inclusive of all nine locations in the Gender/Sex 3x3 and useful for flexible categorizations of gender/sexes.

Description

This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by American Psychological Association in Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity on 24 February 2022, available online: https://doi.org/10.1037/sgd0000558

Citation

Beischel, W. J., Schudson, Z. C., Hoskin, R. A., & van Anders, S. M. (2023). The gender/sex 3×3: Measuring and categorizing gender/sex beyond binaries.Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 10(3), 355–372. https://doi.org/10.1037/sgd0000558

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American Psychological Association

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