Development of Self Assembled Monolayers of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes as Electrochemical Biosensors
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Authors
Lee, Dianne, S.
Date
Type
thesis
Language
eng
Keyword
N-heterocyclic carbenes , Electrochemistry , Monolayer , Biosensor
Alternative Title
Abstract
Compared to the conventional laboratory analysis methods, electrochemical (EC) biosensors provide point-of-care (POC) analyte detection that is quick, accurate, and more readily accessible. EC biosensors offer several additional benefits, such as selectivity, sensitivity, lower detection limits, automation, and reduced expenses in pathogen detection. Recent global threats of pandemics, epidemic outbreaks, and even the safety of drinking water pose a hazard to the world today. It is extremely difficult to control and manage these epidemics without diagnostic biosensors that can reliably detect pathogens. Biological recognition elements (BRE) are frequently applied to the sensor surface of EC biosensors and are used to enable biomolecular interaction between the sensor and the target analyte. BRE are commonly associated with the self-assembly of organic molecules on a surface. Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are thin films made of tightly packed and highly organized organic ligands that have been adsorbed onto a surface. Thiolate-based SAMs, despite their oxidative and storage instabilities, have dominated the field in the past several decades. Recently, N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have emerged as a new alternative class of ligand to produce far more stable SAMs on the surface.
To connect BREs to NHC SAMs, the type of terminal functional group on the backbone of NHCs and the surface reaction to chemically bind BREs are crucial. Herein, the syntheses and constructions of NHC-SAM-based electrochemical biosensors are discussed for toll-like receptors (TLRs) as the BREs. TLRs are immune system proteins that have a broad detection spectrum against various pathogen groups. Each TLR recognizes a distinct structural pattern expressed by the pathogen, which can be used to broaden the detection range of EC biosensor. The interaction between TLR-based NHC SAMs and analytes of interest can be easily observed by electrochemical techniques. In this thesis, I will explore the use of benzimidazole-oriented NHCs in surface modification and biosensing.
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ProQuest PhD and Master's Theses International Dissemination Agreement
Intellectual Property Guidelines at Queen's University
Copying and Preserving Your Thesis
This publication is made available by the authority of the copyright owner solely for the purpose of private study and research and may not be copied or reproduced except as permitted by the copyright laws without written authority from the copyright owner.