Since the mid 1900s, acidification has impacted water quality and threatened the ecological integrity of thousands of lakes and streams across Eastern North America and Europe. After the implementation of industrial emission ...

Over the last several decades, human activities have resulted in environmental changes that have increased the number of stressors that can act on a single environment. In Canadian Shield lakes, two recent stressors, the ...

Interactions between multiple anthropogenic stressors can have unexpected synergistic or antagonistic effects, making it difficult to predict their combined effect using single stressor studies. The interaction between ...