Bipolar electrochemistry (BPEC) is a versatile and powerful technique that has found applications in sensing, chemical synthesis, catalysis, fuel cells, and batteries, among others. In BPEC, the reactions of interest occur ...

A linear array of aluminum discs is deposited between the driving electrodes of an extremely large planar polymer light-emitting electrochemical cell (PLEC). The planar PLEC is then operated at a constant bias voltage of ...

A micromanipulated vacuum probe station and fluorescence imaging are used to induce and visualize bipolar electrochemical redox reactions in a solid-state polymer light-emitting electrochemical cell (PLEC). The PLEC is a ...

Light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) are organic photonic devices based on a mixed electronic and ionic conductor. The active layer of a polymer-based LEC consists of a luminescent polymer, an ion-solvating/transport ...